Meteorology+defined

[|Meteorological phenomena] are observable weather events which illuminate and are explained by the science of meteorology. Those events are bound by the variables that exist in Earth's atmosphere; [|temperature], [|air pressure], [|water vapor], and the gradients and interactions of each variable, and how they change in time. The majority of Earth's observed weather is located in the [|troposphere].[|[][|1][|]][|[][|2][|]] Different spatial scales are studied to determine how systems on local, region, and global levels impact weather and climatology. Meteorology, [|climatology], [|atmospheric physics], and [|atmospheric chemistry] are sub-disciplines of the [|atmospheric sciences]. Meteorology and [|hydrology] compose the interdisciplinary field of [|hydrometeorology]. Interactions between Earth's atmosphere and the oceans are part of coupled ocean-atmosphere studies. Meteorology has application in many diverse fields such as the military, energy production, transport, agriculture and construction.
 * Meteorology** is the [|interdisciplinary] scientific study of the [|atmosphere]. Studies in the field stretch back millennia, though significant progress in meteorology did not occur until the eighteenth century. The nineteenth century saw breakthroughs occur after observing networks developed across several countries. Breakthroughs in weather forecasting were achieved in the latter half of the twentieth century, after the development of the computer.

In 350 BC, [|Aristotle] wrote //[|Meteorology]//.[|[][|3][|]] Aristotle is considered the founder of meteorology.[|[][|4][|]] One of the most impressive achievements described in the //Meteorology// is the description of what is now known as the [|hydrologic cycle].[|[][|5][|]] The [|Greek] scientist [|Theophrastus] compiled a book on weather forecasting, called the //Book of Signs//. The work of Theophrastus remained a dominant influence in the study of weather and in weather forecasting for nearly 2,000 years.[|[][|6][|]] In 25 AD, [|Pomponius Mela], a geographer for the [|Roman Empire], formalized the climatic zone system.[|[][|7][|]] Around the 9th century, [|Al-Dinawari], a [|Kurdish] naturalist, writes the //Kitab al-Nabat// (//Book of Plants//), in which he deals with the application of meteorology to [|agriculture] during the [|Muslim Agricultural Revolution]. He describes the meteorological character of the sky, the [|planets] and [|constellations], the sun and [|moon], the [|lunar phases] indicating [|seasons] and rain, the //anwa// ([|heavenly bodies] of rain), and atmospheric phenomena such as winds, thunder, lightning, snow, floods, valleys, rivers, lakes, wells and other sources of water.